The EPA's Renovation, Repair, and Painting (RRP) Rule protects families from lead exposure during home renovations in pre-1978 buildings. It requires certified contractors to follow lead-safe work practices. In North Carolina, the state manages its own RRP program as of June 2025. This FAQ covers key details as of October 2025; consult EPA or NCDHHS for your project.
1. What is the EPA RRP Rule and who does it apply to?
The RRP Rule, effective since 2010, minimizes lead hazards from paint disturbances during renovations, repairs, or painting. It applies to:
- Target Housing: Most pre-1978 homes, apartments, and condos.
- Child-Occupied Facilities: Pre-1978 preschools, daycares, and kindergartens.
Exemptions include post-1978 buildings, minor work (e.g., caulking), and non-residential structures like bridges. Activities disturbing ≥6 sq ft interior, ≥20 sq ft exterior, or windows trigger requirements.
2. Do I need certification to perform RRP work?
Yes—firms and renovators must be EPA-certified (or state-authorized in NC). Training: 8-hour initial course, 4-hour refresher every 5 years. Covers hazards, cleaning, and PPE. Homeowners can DIY small jobs but must follow practices—no certification needed for self-work.
3. What are the required work practices under RRP?
Follow these "Steps to Lead-Safe Renovation":
- Pre-Work: Test for lead if unsure; notify owners/occupants 48 hours ahead with EPA pamphlet.
- Containment: Seal work areas with 6-mil plastic sheeting, tape, and barriers.
- Minimize Dust: Use wet methods, HEPA vacuums; prohibit dry scraping, sanding, or open-flame burning.
- Cleaning: Post-job wipe-down and HEPA vacuum; verify with wipe samples if required.
- Waste Disposal: Seal debris in bags, dispose as construction waste or hazardous if tested high-lead.
For post-disaster work, additional guidance applies to ensure safety.
4. What are the 2025 updates to the RRP Rule?
Key changes effective January 13, 2025:
- Rename "Dust-Lead Hazard Standards" to "Reportable Levels" (DLRL) and "clearance standards" to "Action Levels" (DLAL), with lowered thresholds for better protection.
- Enhanced compliance tools, including electronic recordkeeping and small business assistance.
- States like NC now fully authorized to enforce, potentially with local tweaks.
Full FAQs updated January 2025.
5. What recordkeeping is required?
Firms keep for 3 years: training certs, notifications, waste receipts, cleaning verifications, and photos. Available to EPA/NC inspectors on request. Electronic options expanded in 2025.
6. What are the penalties for non-compliance?
Civil fines up to $37,500 per day per violation; possible debarment from federal contracts. Enforcement includes audits and post-job inspections.
7. Tips and resources for RRP compliance?
- Hire certified pros for large jobs; use EPA's firm search tool.
- For NC: Contact NCDHHS Lead Program (919-707-5000) or DEQ.
- Resources: EPA RRP site, "Steps to Lead-Safe" guide.
Have more questions? Browse our full FAQ page or call us at (336) 447-6711 for personalized advice. We're here to make your cleanup safe and compliant!